Vacuum extraction and sealing of containers

ABSTRACT

A system for evacuating and sealing containers filled with product, for example, food product, includes an enclosed, sealed housing wherein the pressure level and the atmospheric content can be controlled. A vacuum shroud is positioned in registry with a container entrance opening in the housing, the shroud connectible to a vacuum source and to a source of replaceable gas to replace the ambient air to be removed from the container. The shroud is advanceable to seal the container entrance opening and is retractable from the container entrance opening. A container transport system inserts the container through the housing entrance opening and into the shroud. Thereupon, a sealing system seals the housing from the ambient after the container has been inserted into the shroud. After the air in the container has been replaced with an inert gas and then the shroud retracted, a closure subsystem applies a cover to the evacuated container. Thereafter, an out feed subsystem removes the closed container from the housing while maintaining the atmospheric content and pressure level within the housing.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/445,997, filed Aug. 26, 2021, which is a division of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/212,039, filed Dec. 6, 2018 (now U.S. patentSer. No. 11/117,696), which claims the benefit of U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/596,632, filed Dec. 8, 2017, the disclosures of allof which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein in theirentireties.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure pertains to extracting oxygen from filledcontainers by vacuum process and replacing the oxygen with an inert gasand then sealing the container. The container may be composed ofmetallic cans, glass jars or bottles or PET or other containers capableof withstanding reduced pressure within the container.

Current systems for the vacuum extraction of air/oxygen from containersand then sealing the containers include large, high production systemswith as many as 30 filling heads operating simultaneously. Such machinesare very expensive and not practical for most production settings whereseveral or many different types of products are sealed within cans,bottles, or other types of containers.

At the other end of the spectrum are slow-speed machines for vacuumextraction of a container and subsequent sealing of the container. Suchmachines often require that one or more probes be inserted into thesubstance of the container, typically a powder, to create holes in thepowder to assist in extraction of the oxygen within the powder. Thedrawback of requiring the use of such probes is contamination of thepowder within the container, especially if food by insertion of theprobes.

Another drawback of such machines is that when vacuum is applied toextract the air/oxygen from the container, some of the powder or othersubstance within the container is also extracted, thereby resulting in aloss of product from each container.

The present disclosure seeks to provide an apparatus and method forvacuum extraction of ambient oxygen from containers, the replacement ofsuch oxygen with an inert gas or gas mixture and then the sealing ofcontainers, all at a production rate that is practical for a largesegment of the industry, as well as scalable to both increase ordecrease production rates.

SUMMARY

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This summary is not intended to identify key features ofthe claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid indetermining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

A system for evacuating and closing containers filled with powderedcontent or other content includes an enclosed housing which is incommunication with a vacuum source to remove the air or ambient gas inthe housing and replace the removed air or gas with an inert replacementgas which contains no or very little oxygen. The housing has at leastone entrance opening for receiving the containers therein to beevacuated and then closed.

A vacuum shroud is in registry with the container entrance opening inthe housing. The shroud also is connected to a vacuum source as well asthe source of replacement gas to replace the ambient air removed fromthe container with an inert gas. The shroud is movable between advancingthe shroud to seal the container entrance opening with the shroud andretracting the shroud from the container entrance opening.

A container transport system is used to insert the container through thehousing entrance opening and into the shroud. A sealing system seals thehousing from the ambient after the container is inserted into theshroud. The sealing system may be incorporated into the structure of thecontainer transport system.

The system also includes a closure subsystem for closing the containersonce the ambient air is removed from the container and replaced with asubstantially oxygen free replacement gas. Thereafter, an outfeedsubsystem removes the closed containers from the housing whilemaintaining the atmospheric content and pressure level within thehousing. The outfeed subsystem may include a suitable exit chamber forreceiving the closed container from the housing while maintaining thevacuum level and atmospheric composition within the housing. A conveyormay be used to remove the closed container from the exit chamber andtransport the closed container away from the housing.

The shroud includes a closed proximal end and an open distal end throughwhich the container is received into the shroud. The distal end of theshroud is sealable relative to the entrance opening of the housing whenthe shroud is advanced into container receiving position at thecontainer entrance opening of the housing. The shroud also includes anactuator to advance the shroud to seal the distal end of the shroudrelative to the housing entrance opening as well as to retract theshroud away from the housing entrance opening after the air in thecontainer has been replaced so that the container may be transferred toa sealing station for placing a cover or lid over the container andseaming the cover to the top of the container.

The container transport system may include a movable platform to advancethe platform when inserting the container through the housing entranceopening and into the interior of the shroud. The platform is used toseal the housing entrance opening when the container is placed into theinterior of the shroud. An actuator is provided to advance and retractthe platform forward and away from the housing entrance opening.

The closure system places a closure in the form of a cover or lid overthe open end of the container. The closure system thereafter seals thecover or lid to the container. Prior to such sealing, the pressurewithin the filled container can be reduced to a level below the pressurewithin the housing so as to provide a reduced pressure level within thecontainer when sealed.

A cover/lid supply magazine is in communication with the housing tosupply covers/lids for the containers to be closed. The cover/lid supplymagazine provides a seal between the interior of the housing from theambient so that the housing is not exposed to the ambient via thecover/lid supply magazine.

A method is provided for evacuating and closing containers filled withpowdered material and other content wherein the air removed from thecontainers is replaced by an inert gas that is substantially devoid ofoxygen. The method is performed in an enclosed housing having anentrance opening for receiving the container. A shroud is positionedover the entrance opening within the housing thereby sealing theentrance opening from the ambient. Ambient air is removed from thehousing and replaced with the inert gas substantially free of oxygen.Thereafter, the container is presented through the housing entranceopening and into the shroud. Then, the housing entrance opening issealed from the ambient thereby isolating the interior of the shroudwith the container therein. Next, the ambient air is removed from thecontainer by applying a vacuum to the shroud. The removed ambient air isreplaced with an inert gas that corresponds to the inert gas of thehousing.

Thereafter, the shroud is retracted so that the container can be movedto a location within the housing for closing the container, for example,by applying a cover or lid to the open top of the container and thenseaming the lid to the container. Then the closed container is removedfrom the housing using an airlock or other system to maintain the inertgas composition and pressure level within the housing.

In accordance with the present method, when the container is presentedto the housing entrance opening and into the shroud, the housingentrance opening and the shroud are simultaneously sealed from theambient.

In accordance with the present method, the container is presented to thehousing entrance opening using a linear actuator. More specifically, thecontainer is supported on a platform that is powered by a linearactuator. Further, the platform is used to seal the container entranceopening from the ambient.

The housing can include an entrance opening that is capable of receivinga plurality of containers at the same time. As an alternative, thehousing may include an entrance opening for each of the plurality ofcontainers simultaneously presented to the housing. Whether the housingincludes an entrance opening large enough for a plurality of containersor employs individual housing openings for each container, the housingopening(s) is/are sealed by engagement with the container platform(s).

The present method also includes conveying the container(s) from afilling station to the housing.

The method further includes entrapping the contents of the containerduring the evacuation of the container. In this regard, a perviousbarrier may be placed over the open top of the container during theevacuation process as well as during the process of replacing theevacuated air with an inert gas.

During the evacuation process, the pressure within the container may bereduced to a level of about 10 to 20 mbar. More specifically, thepressure within the container may be reduced to a level of about 15mbar.

The present method includes removing the shroud from the evacuatedcontainer and thereafter closing the top of the container while thecontainer is within the housing. During the closure process, thepressure within the container can be reduced to a level below thepressure level within the housing so as to achieve an evacuated orpartially evacuated container prior to the sealing of the container. Thecontainer may be sealed with a cover or lid that is seamed onto thecontainer in a standard manner.

After sealing the container, the container is removed from the housingwhile maintaining the pressure and the inert atmosphere within thehousing. This can be accomplished by transferring the sealed containerfrom the housing via an airlock. The filled container is transferred tothe airlock and thereafter the airlock is isolated from the housingbefore the container is removed from the airlock and transported on.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of thisinvention will become more readily appreciated as the same become betterunderstood by reference to the following detailed description, whentaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of the system of the present disclosure takenfrom a first or front side of the evacuation housing/chamber, and shownpartially in schematic;

FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 , but taken from the opposite or backside of the evacuation housing as shown in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of FIG. 2 ;

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary view of portions of the interior of theevacuation housing;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary pictorial view of FIG. 5 ;

FIGS. 7A-7H illustrate one example of a method using the system of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 8A is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view of FIG. 1specifically illustrating the construction of a shroud and liftplatform;

FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 8A taken along lines 8B-8Bthereof;

FIG. 8C is an exploded view of FIG. 8B;

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating one method of utilizing the systemof the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a pictorial view of a further embodiment of the presentdisclosure for removal of the sealed containers from the sealingstation;

FIG. 11 is a side pictorial view of FIG. 10 ;

FIG. 12 is a pictorial view of the removal system of FIG. 10 shown fromthe opposite end of the system;

FIGS. 13A-13G illustrate the manner of operation of the alternativeremoval system;

FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating the operation of the alternativeremoval system; and

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a seaming apparatus inaccordance with the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appendeddrawings, where like numerals reference like elements, is intended as adescription of various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter andis not intended to represent the only embodiments. Each embodimentdescribed in this disclosure is provided merely as an example orillustration and should not be construed as preferred or advantageousover other embodiments. The illustrative examples provided herein arenot intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the preciseforms disclosed. Similarly, any steps described herein may beinterchangeable with other steps, or combinations of steps, in order toachieve the same or substantially similar result.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth inorder to provide a thorough understanding of exemplary embodiments ofthe present disclosure. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art,however, that many embodiments of the present disclosure may bepracticed without some or all of the specific details. In someinstances, well known process steps have not been described in detail inorder not to unnecessarily obscure various aspects of the presentdisclosure. Further, it will be appreciated that embodiments of thepresent disclosure may employ any combination of features describedherein.

The present application may include references to “directions,” such as“forward,” “rearward,” “front,” “back,” “upward,” “downward,” “righthand,” “left hand,” “in,” “out,” “extended,” “advanced,” “retracted,”“proximal,” “distal,” “above,” “below,” in front of,” “behind,” “on topof,” and “beneath.” These references and other similar references withrespect to direction, position, location, etc., in the presentapplication are only to assist in helping describe and understand thepresent invention and are not intended to limit the present invention tothese directions, positions, locations, etc.

The present application may include modifiers such as the words“generally,” “substantially,” “about,” or “approximately.” These termsare meant to serve as modifiers to indicate that the “dimension,”“shape,” or other physical parameter, in question need not be exact, butmay vary as long as the function that is required to be performed can becarried out. For example, in the phrase “generally circular in shape,”the shape need not be exactly circular as long as the required functionof the structure in question can be carried out.

In the following description, various embodiments of the presentdisclosure are described. In the following description and in theaccompanying drawings, the corresponding systems assemblies, apparatusand units may be identified by the same part number, but with an alphasuffix. The descriptions of the parts/components of such systemsassemblies, apparatus, and units are the same or similar are notrepeated so as to avoid redundancy in the present application.

Referring initially to FIGS. 1-6 , a system 20 for evacuating andsealing containers 22 filled with product, especially powdered product,is illustrated as including in basic form a transport and deliverysystem 24 for transporting and presenting a plurality of containers 22to a sealed housing or chamber or enclosure 26 wherein atmospheric airis removed from the containers and replaced by an inert gas and then thecontainers are sealed at a closure station 28 thereby to preserve thecontents within the containers. Thereafter, the closed containers areremoved from the housing 26 by a removal system 30 for removing theclosed containers from the housing without exposing the interior of thehousing to the ambient. The containers 22 are illustrated in the form ofcans, but can be of other configurations as noted below.

Describing the system 20 in more detail, the transport and deliverysystem 24 includes an infeed conveyor 40 that transports a set ofcontainers 22 (six being illustrated as an example) from an escapement,not shown, associated with a filling station, not shown, wherein thecans are filled, typically with a powder, granular substance or similar,or other content. The plurality of containers are loaded onto theconveyor 40 from the escapement and then the conveyor is operated toposition the cans 22 adjacent the infeed location at a lower level ofhousing 26. An optical or other type of sensor is utilized to count thenumber of cans transferred from the escapement onto the conveyor anddetermine the locations of such containers. Also, an encoder associatedwith conveyor 40 stops the conveyor when the containers 22 are inposition at the housing as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 5, and 6 .

The housing/chamber 26 is illustrated as an enclosed structure that issealed from the ambient. The structure 26 is supported by floor-engaginglegs 50 depending from the bottom of the housing and from the removalsystem 30. The housing is illustrated as generally rectilinear in shape,but can be of other shapes. In this regard, the housing includes a toppanel 52 and a bottom panel 54 interconnected by end panels 56 and 58.At the location that the containers 22 are presented to the housing 26the lower portion of the housing is cut away to define a mezzanine 59formed by a horizontal base plate 60. A vertical longitudinal wall 62,that intersects the inward edge of the base plate, and a transverse endwall 64 cooperatively seal off the mezzanine section of the housing fromthe ambient.

A side panel structure 66, which is mostly open in construction, isdisposed along the side of the housing where the containers 22 arepresented. Such side panel structure 66 does include a footing panel 68through which upper actuators 70 extend, as described more fully below.A pair of see-through doors 72 are positioned above the footing panel 68and a third full height see-through door 74 is located along the sidepanel structure 66. The doors 72 and 74 are sealed with respect to theside panel structure 66 so as to prevent leakage of gases between theinterior of the housing and the ambient, while being of sufficientstructural integrity to remain rigid and not deform during use of thesystem 20. To this end, the doors may be composed of a clear/transparentplastic or a glass composition, for example, acrylic or poly(methylmethacrylate). As will be appreciated, the doors 72 and 74 not onlyprovide visibility into the housing 26, but also may be opened toprovide access to the interior of the housing, for example, forcleaning, adjustment, maintenance, and repair, as well as to reconfigurethe system 20 for use with other types or sizes of containers, etc.

Referring specifically to FIGS. 2 and 4 , the “backside” of the housingis illustrated as composed of side panel structures 80 and 82 to whichare fitted see-through doors 84 and 86, respectively. The doors 84 and86 may be of the same composition as doors 72 and 74. The door 86 islocated somewhat laterally outwardly from the doors 82 and 84. A stepwall 88 extends laterally outwardly from the side panel 80 to define thehousing at that location. The doors 84 provide access to the location inwhich the air/oxygen is removed from the containers and replaced withinert gas. The door 86 is adjacent the location in which the closuresystem 28 is located, which is described more fully below.

As perhaps most clearly shown in FIGS. 6, 7A-7H, and 8A-8C, a circularseal ring 87 depends downwardly from base plate 60. The top of the sealring 87 is flush with the top surface of the base plate. In this regard,a shoulder extends around the circumference of the seal ring to abutagainst the lower surface of the base plate 60. As described moreclearly below, the seal ring 87 has a central through bore or opening 94through which containers 22 are delivered into the interior of thehousing 26.

A shroud assembly 96 is associated with each of the sealing rings 87 andassociated opening 94. Each shroud assembly 96 includes a shroud 98having a cylindrical, major, upper sidewall portion 100 and a lowerreduced outer diameter pilot section 89. The shroud upper sidewallsection 100 is downwardly engageable within a counter bore 90 formed atthe upper portion of the sealing ring 87, and the lower pilot section 89of the shroud 98 closely engages within the sealing ring central openingor bore 94.

An upper seal 91 is disposed within a lateral groove opening into theseal ring counter bore 90 to seal against the outer circumference of theshroud sidewall section 100. An intermediate seal 92 likewise isdisposed within a lateral groove formed in the sealing ring 87 to bearagainst the pilot portion 89 of the shroud sidewall.

The top of the shroud is closed by a top assembly 102, while the bottomof the shroud at the bottom of the pilot section 89 is open. The shroud98 is raised and lowered by an actuator 106 connected to the shroud topassembly 102.

Referring specifically to FIGS. 6, 7A-7H, 8B, and 8C, a circular liftplatform or table 120 is associated with each seal ring 87 and opening94. The lift platforms 120 function to lift the filled containers 22upwardly through the sealing ring opening 94 and into the interior of ashroud 98. The lift platform 120 includes an upper circular base section122 that is sized to closely fit into the circular interior of theshroud. The lift platform also includes a slightly enlarged diameterlower shoulder section 124 which closely fits within the sealing ringopening or bore 94. The lift platform shoulder section 124 seals againsta lower seal 93 that is mounted in a lateral groove formed in the lowerportion of the seal ring to seal against the lower shoulder section 124of the lift platform. The lift platform is raised and lowered by a liftactuator 128 extending downwardly from the underside of the liftplatform 120.

It will be appreciated that when the lift platform 120 is in the fullyextended upward position and the shroud 98 is in fully downward extendedposition, the interior of the shroud is isolated from both the ambientand the interior of the housing, as shown in FIGS. 7C, and 8B. Asdescribed below, during this condition, the ambient air within theshroud and container 22 is removed and replaced with an inert gas or gasmixture at a pressure above atmospheric pressure.

When the shroud 98 is in lowered closed position and the lift table 120is in extended upper position, as shown in FIG. 8B, both the interior ofthe container 22 positioned within the shroud and also the volumebetween the exterior of the container and the interior of the shroud areevacuated and replaced with the modified atmosphere of, for example, aninert gas or gas mixture through upper and lower ports 107 and 108 thatextend horizontally radially inwardly from the exterior diameter of thering seal 87. The upper shroud port 107 intersects with the bottom of avertical passageway 109 extending upwardly through the shroud uppersidewall section 100 to intersect with a horizontal annular groove 110formed in the outer circumference of a manifold ring 111. Radial holes112 extend inwardly from the horizontal annular groove 110 tocommunicate with the open central interior 113 of the manifold ring 111.Such open central interior 113 is in communication with the open top andthus the head space 115 of the filled container 22.

Referring specifically to FIG. 8B, a porous barrier 114 is mounted tothe underside of the manifold ring 111 inside of an annular seal 116extending along the underside manifold ring 111. As will be appreciated,the annular seal 116 serves to also seal the top rim of the containerrelative to the manifold ring 111. The perimeter of the porous barrieralso seals relative to the manifold ring and the sealing ring 116. Assuch, the head space 115 of the container 22 is isolated from theexterior of the container. The barrier 114 allows air/oxygen to be drawnout of the container while substantially preventing the powder or othercontent within the container from escaping from the container as thecontainer is being evacuated. The porous barrier may be composed offabric, woven material, perforated sheet material, or other appropriatematerial.

Continuing to refer specifically to FIGS. 6, 7A-7H, and 8B, the volumeor space between the exterior of the container 22 and the interior ofthe shroud 98 is separately but simultaneously evacuated and thenreplaced with modified atmosphere from the evacuation of the interior ofthe container. The reason for this separated evacuation and modified airreplacement system is to prevent powder or other contents of thecontainer 22 from flowing from the container interior through barrier114 during evacuation of the container and thereby contaminating the canouter surface or face with the powder or other content. Also, the vacuumand replacement gassing cycles are applied to the can head space 115 andto the can exterior at the same time thereby to avoid the can fromimploding or otherwise being damaged during the vacuum cycle, especiallycans with an exterior foil wrapping. In this regard, the shroud lowerport 108 is in communication with an annular cavity 117 located justabove the shoulder section 124 of the lift table. The cavity 117 is influid flow communication with an upwardly extending narrow gap 118between the exterior of the lift table upper section 122 and theinterior of the shroud upper wall section 110 as well as the shroudpilot section 89.

Although the foregoing provides one example in which the interior andexterior of the container 22 may be separately but simultaneouslyevacuated and gassed, it is to be understood that other systems forcarrying out this function may also be employed. For example, systemsthat evacuate and introduce replacement gas through the closed topassembly 102 of the shroud.

Also, the upper intermediate and lower seals 91, 92 and 93 can be ofvarious construction. For example, the seals can be composed ofinflatable air seals which can be inflated to achieve secure and tightseals against the shroud and lift table and also deflated to permit theshroud and lift table to be both engaged and disengaged from the sealingring 87 without any significant resistance against the seals. Of course,other types of seals may be employed, for example O-ring seals, V-seals,double or even triple V-seals, etc.

The containers 22 that are delivered to the housing 26 by infeedconveyor 40 are moved laterally off the infeed conveyor and onto thelift platforms 120 by a lateral pusher system 140, as shown in FIGS. 1,5, 6, and 7A-7H. The pusher system 140 includes a horizontal push bar142 for pushing against the sides of the cans 22 to remove the cans fromthe conveyor 40 and onto an associated base 122 of lift platform 120.The push bar 142 may be contoured along its leading edge 143 adjacentthe containers 22 so that the containers are indexed into correctlyspaced positions along the conveyor 40. If the cans 22 are notaccurately spaced along the conveyor 40 to match the positions of thelift platforms 120 and corresponding seal ring/housing openings 94, thepressing or urging of the contoured leading edge 143 of push bar 142against the sides of the filled containers will reposition thecontainers relative to each other so that they are in proper registrywith the positions of the lift platforms 120 and housing openings 94.

A linear actuator 144 is provided to support and actuate the push bar142 to push the cans from the conveyor 40 and onto the lift platform120. As shown in FIG. 7A, a bridging ramp 146 is provided so that thereis continuous surface between the conveyor 40 and the lift platform base122 along which the containers 22 may be slid when pushed by the pushbar 142. Although two separate pusher systems 140 are shown in FIG. 6 ,one for each set of three containers 22, a single pusher system 140 maybe utilized or more than two pusher systems may be utilized.

Continuing to refer specifically to FIGS. 1, 5, 6, and 7A-7H, a secondpusher system 150 is provided at an elevation above the pusher system140. This second pusher system includes actuators 70 that function topush the cans 22 laterally after the shroud 98 has been retractedupwardly once the container 22 has been evacuated and the removedambient air replaced with an inert gas or gas mixture, see FIG. 7F. Atthis point, the containers are pushed by the pusher system 150 onto aseamer infeed conveyor 156. during for transport to the closure/seamingstation 28. To this end, the pusher system 150 includes a horizontalpusher bar 158 that is actuated by horizontal actuators 70 mounted toextend laterally outwardly from housing 26. The actuators 70 are sealedwith respect to the housing to maintain the atmospheric conditionswithin the housing. As noted above, such atmospheric conditions includea low level of residual oxygen in a gas mixed environment and anover-pressure of, for example, about 20 mbar gauge.

After the actuators 70 push the containers 22 from the lift platforms120 and onto the seamer infeed conveyor 156, a container guide bar 160is simultaneously raised along the conveyor 156 next to the baseplate 60to restrain the containers in the lateral direction relative to thedirection of travel of the conveyor 156. See FIG. 7G. The guide bar islocated between the side of the conveyor 156 and the baseplate 60 asshown in FIGS. 7A-7H. The guide bar is raised and lowered betweenconveyor 156 and the baseplate 60. The guide bar 160 is in the loweredposition allowing for the container to be transferred from the liftplatform 120 on to the seamer infeed conveyor 156, see FIG. 7F.Following the transfer of the container the guide bar is raised creatinga guide for the container to transfer along the conveyor without risk ofthe container being dislodged, see FIG. 7G.

The seamer infeed conveyor 156 transports the containers 22 to aclosure/sealing/seamer station 28 which perhaps is most clearly shown inFIG. 5 . As with the conveyor 136, the seamer station 28 is also withinthe sealed chamber 26 wherein the chamber includes a modified atmosphereenvironment to maintain the low residual oxygen level achieved in thecontainer following the extraction of the Oxygen and replenished withgas injection. To this end, the containers 22 are fed intocircumferential, outwardly open pockets 170 formed along thecircumference of a rotatable double star wheel 172 that is mounted on acentral rotatable shaft 173. A floor 174 is provided for supporting thecontainers 22 when inserted within the pockets 170. The containers aresecured in the star wheel pockets by a guide rail or other means with aclearance of approximately 2 mm between the guide rail and the depth ofthe star wheel pocket. This clearance allows for a degree of flexibilityto accommodate the potential variance in the tolerance of the containerdimensions.

The double star wheel 172 is indexed from a first position/station inregistry with the seamer infeed conveyor to a second position/station inregistry with a stack magazine 180 filled with covers 182, which areplaced onto the open top of the containers at the magazine station.Next, the double star wheel 172 is indexed to a seaming station 190wherein a cover 182 is seamed to the upper edge of the container 22 in astandard manner. Such seamers are articles of commerce.

The above process of placing the covers 182 on the containers 22 andthen seaming the containers can occur one at a time as each can isshifted from the seamer infeed conveyor to the double star wheel.Alternatively, all of the containers 22 can be loaded on the double starwheel at the same time so as to fill the pockets of the double starwheel and then the covers 182 applied to the filled star wheel cans andthereafter the covers are seamed with the containers 22. In this manner,the seamer infeed conveyor 156 is emptied quickly so that a second setof evacuated containers 22 can be loaded onto the seamer infeedconveyor.

The outer circumference of the covers 182 snugly slides against theinside surface of the lower collar portion 184 of the magazine 180. Inthis manner, the covers acting against the collar 184 provide a sealbetween the interior of the housing 26 and the ambient. To this end, itis desirable that a sufficient number of covers 182 are positionedwithin the magazine 180 so as to maintain a seal with the collar portion184.

As noted above, the sealed containers 22 are removed from the housing 26while maintaining the atmosphere within the housing. To this end, asperhaps most clearly shown in FIGS. 1-5 , removal system 30 includes anairlock structure 200 having an elongated housing 202 positioned over anoutfeed conveyor 204 powered by an actuator 205. The airlock structure200 includes sealable doors 206 and 208 at the opposite end of thehousing 202 for the purpose of allowing entry of the sealed cans intothe airlock structure, and then out of the structure via the outfeedcontainer 204. While the airlock structure 202 is empty, the pressurewithin the airlock may be reduced to match the pressure within thestructure 202 and the ambient air within the structure 202 may bereplaced with the same inert gas or gas mixture utilized within thehousing 26 so that when the near door 206 is open, the atmosphere withinthe structure 202 matches the atmosphere within the interior of thehousing 26. Thereupon a set of sealed cans may be advanced into theairlock structure 202 and then the near door 206 closed to seal thehousing 26 from the airlock structure 202. Therefore, the far door 208of the airlock structure may be opened and then the sealed cans removedfrom the airlock structure by operation of the outfeed conveyor 204.

FIGS. 7A-7H together with FIG. 9 illustrate one example of the use ofthe present system 20 for replacing the air in containers 22 withmodified or inert gas or gas mixture and then sealing the container 22.Under such conditions, the content within the container 22 can bemaintained in a preserved state for a prolonged period of time,especially if the content consists of food. Substantially all of theoxygen has been removed from the container which minimizes degradationof the container content.

The method begins at step 250 wherein the system 20 is set to start-upconditions or parameters. In this regard, the vacuum shrouds 98 are inlowered position to close off the entrance openings 94 in the seal ring87 of the housing 26 via upper end intermediate seals 91 and 92. SeeFIG. 7A. The lift platforms or tables 120 are in down position forreception of the filled containers 22 from the filling station. Anyresidual oxygen in the housing 26 is flushed out and replaced with amodified atmosphere composed of, for example, nitrogen, carbon dioxideor a mixture thereof. The pressure within the housing may be set toapproximately 20 mbar gauge, which is achieved by opening and closingthe exhaust and modified atmosphere gas valves. Of course, theover-pressure within the housing 26 can be at other levels either aboveor below 20 mbar gauge. The residual oxygen level in the housing isreduced to a range of about 2.5% to 0.5% by volume or less. In onenon-limiting example, the residual oxygen level may be about 1.5% byvolume.

After the foregoing startup conditions are met, in step 252, in theoperation of system 20, the system confirms that there are a desirednumber of containers 22 at the escapement from the filling station andthat the containers are filled with the desired amount of material,e.g., powder material.

Next, in step 254, the filled containers 22 are transferred onto aninfeed conveyor 40 and then in step 256 the containers are transportedby the infeed conveyor to a position in front of the evacuation housing26 at a lower elevation of the housing, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1and 3 .

Next, in step 258, the pusher system 40 is used to push the containersof the set onto individual lift tables or platforms 120, see FIGS. 7Aand 7B. The lift tables 120, which are in lowered position below themezzanine 59 of the housing. In step 260, the actuators 144 of thepusher system 140 are retracted to their nominal (home) position so thatthe next set of containers 22 can be moved onto the escapement to beready for the next cycle.

Next, at step 264, as shown in FIG. 7C, the lift platforms 120 areraised to lift the containers 22 into position within a correspondingshroud 98. The lift platforms simultaneously seal against the bottom orlower seal 93 of the base seal ring 87 to close off the entranceopenings 94 from the ambient.

Next, at step 266, the pressure within the container 22 is evacuatedthrough port 107 down to approximately 15 mbar (ABS) thereby to helpensure that each container has no more than about 2.5% to 0.5% residualoxygen by volume therein once the inert replacement gas has beeninjected into the shroud, also through upper port 107. The porousbarrier 114 disposed over the open top of the container 22 during theevacuation process prevents powder or other material within thecontainer from escaping. See FIG. 7D. At the same time, the pressurebetween the exterior of the container and the interior of the shroud isalso simultaneously evacuated to the same pressure level as within thecontainer via lower port 108. As a non-limiting example, the evacuationof the container 22 as well as the evacuation of the volume between theexterior of the container and the interior of the shroud can beaccomplished in about 5 seconds; however, this process can be carriedout over a shorter or longer period of time.

Next, at step 268, a modified atmosphere composed of, for example,nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of both is injected into thecontainer through upper port 107. Such injection of the modifiedatmosphere is blown through the porous barrier 114 thereby to blow offfrom the barrier any material or powder that has collected thereonduring the evacuation process. See FIG. 7D. Simultaneously, the samemodified atmosphere is injected through port 108 to fill the volumebetween the exterior of the container 22 and the interior of the shroud98. As a non-limiting example, the modified atmosphere can be injectedinto the container 22 as well as into the volume between the exterior ofthe container and the interior of the shroud at a pressure of about 1.5bar for a time period of about 1 second. This process can be carried outat other pressures and for other time durations.

At this stage, the oxygen level within the container and shroud and thepressure within the container and shroud could match the atmosphericconditions within the housing itself. However, it may be desirable ifthe pressure within the container and within the shroud were eitherhigher or lower than the pressure within the housing. For example, ifthe pressure within the container 22 and shroud 98 is higher than thatwithin the housing, this can help maintain the low residual oxygen levelwithin the container.

Next, at step 270, the shroud 98 is retracted upwardly to an elevationabove the containers (see FIG. 7E), thereby exposing the container 22 tothe atmosphere within the housing.

Then at step 272, the containers 22 are moved laterally by upper pushersystem 150 to a seamer infeed conveyor 156, as shown in FIG. 7F. Withthe containers now removed from the lift platform 120 at step 274, theshrouds 98 are lowered to close off the openings 94 in the base plate160, see FIG. 7G. Next, at step 276, the platforms 120 are lowered, asshown in FIG. 7H, to await the next group of containers 22 from theinfeed conveyor 40.

Thereafter, as set forth in step 278, the filled cans 22 are conveyed bythe seamer infeed conveyor 156 to engage within a pocket 170 of starwheel 172. Next, at step 280, the star wheel is indexed (rotated) by theuse of an encoder positioned on the drive shaft 173 of the star wheel.Simultaneously, at step 282 the number of can lids 182 in the magazine(stack) 180 is monitored to ensure that a seal is maintained between theinterior of the housing and the external environment, which seal iscreated by the stack of container lids 182 in the base portion 184 ofmagazine, step 282.

At step 284, a container lid 182 is placed on the open top of each ofthe containers 22 when the container is positioned below the lidmagazine 180. At step 286, the double star wheel 172 is indexed topresent the container 22 with the lid/cover 182 thereon to a seamerstation whereat the container is lifted and rotated to affix the lid 182to the container 22 in a standard manner.

At step 288, after the lid 182 is affixed, the container 22 is loweredand the star wheel 172 is indexed again to present the sealed containeronto an exit conveyor 204. This process is repeated until all of thecovers/lids 182 have been attached to the containers.

Next, at step 290, the sealed containers as a group are transported intothe airlock 200. After the airlock 200 has been sealed from the housing,at step 292, the containers are transferred out of the airlock as agroup onto the exit conveyor 204.

The foregoing represents merely one example of a method of utilizing thesystem 20 of the present disclosure. It is possible that some of theforegoing steps might be combined or eliminated or modified or replacedwith a different step while still resulting in an efficient method forevacuating and sealing containers 22, especially containers filled withpowdered material.

While illustrative embodiments have been illustrated and described, itwill be appreciated that various changes can be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention.

For example, although the present disclosure describes processing aplurality of containers in sets of six at a time, a lesser or greaternumber of containers may be processed as a batch. For example, 4, 5, 7,8, 9, or 10 containers could be processed as a batch.

As a further alternative, although a separate lift platform 120 isdescribed and illustrated for each container 22, a plurality ofcontainers may be positioned on a singular lift platform and theplurality of containers lifted upwardly into a shroud for each containeror a shroud for multiple containers.

Further, various types of containers may be processed utilizing thesystem 20 of the present disclosure. Such containers may consist ofmetallic cans, glass jars or bottles, PET or other containers capable ofsustaining a reduced pressure within the container.

Although a specific seal arrangement has been described and illustratedfor sealing the shroud 98 with respect to the housing opening 94 as wellas the lift platform 120 relative to the housing opening 94, othersealing arrangements can be utilized. For example, the bottom of theshroud can be sealed against the top surface of the base plate 60, andthe lift platform 120 can be sealed against the underside of the baseplate 60.

Further, although the airlock housing 202 is illustrated as being at theelevation of the star wheel 172, the airlock housing can be located ator near the level that the containers 22 are placed on the lift tablesby the pusher system 140. In this regard, the elevation of the infeedconveyor 40 may be substantially the same as the elevation of theoutfeed conveyor 204 which may be desirable in certain installations.

Also, the process of removing oxygen from the interior of the housing 26and replacing it with modified atmosphere consisting of, for example,inert gas, can be carried out using procedures and parameters other thandescribed above. Likewise, the evacuation of the containers 22 and theevacuation of the volume between the exterior of the containers and theinterior of the shrouds 98 can be performed under process conditionsother than as described above.

FIGS. 10, 11, 12, 13A-13G, and 14 illustrate an alternative system 300,and corresponding structure and method, for removing the sealedcontainers 22 from the housing 26. The system 300 may be used in lieu ofsystem 30 described above. System 300 includes a discharge housing 302which is shown in FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 with portions removed so that theinterior components of the system can be viewed. The housing 300 doesinclude an entrance wall 304 which extends upwardly from a floor 305 andis transverse to incoming conveyor 306. The conveyor 306 may be aseparate conveyor or may be the same conveyor as conveyor 204 describedabove. Downstream of the entrance wall 304, the housing includes anairlock wall 308 which supports side-by-side airlock chambers 310A and310B. An exit wall 312 is located at the end of the housing downstreamof the airlock wall 308. The incoming conveyor 306 terminates at oneside of the airlock wall 308 and a second takeaway conveyor 314 extendsfrom the opposite side of the airlock wall 308 and out through the exitwall 312 through an exit opening 316. It is to be understood that thehousing 302 also has side walls and a top wall. Moreover, the entrancewall 304 is integrated with the end panel 58 of the housing 26.

The space between the entrance wall 304 and airlock wall 308 defines afirst transfer location where containers 22 are moved laterally off ofthe conveyor 306 and onto transfer structures 320A and 320B. Thetransfer structures include a support floor or platform 322 composed ofa plurality of parallel spaced-apart bars 324 for supporting theunderside containers 22. The bars 324 are cantilevered from the base ofthe transfer structures. The containers 22 are moved laterally from theconveyor belt 306 onto the platform 322 by a lateral actuating system330 composed of a vertical pushing wall 332 that depends downwardly fromthe actuator 330 which spans between support sections 338 that dependdownwardly from an overhead ceiling structure, not shown. The poweredactuator 330 moves side to side between the support sections 338 wherebythe pushing wall 332 pushes the containers 22 laterally from theconveyor belt 306 onto the platform portions 322 of the transferstructures 320A and 320B.

The transfer structures 320A and 320B are supported for movement in thedirection parallel to the length of the conveyor 306 by an actuatingsystem 340 which extends parallel to the conveyor 36 on each sidethereof. The actuating systems are supported by column structures 343that depend downwardly from the overhead ceiling structure (not shown).The actuating system 340 functions to move the transfer structures 320Aand 320B toward and away from airlock chambers 310A and 310B, asdepicted by arrow 344. The transfer structures 320A and 320B alsoinclude an airlock door 346 which seals the adjacent opening of theairlock chambers 310A and 310B when the transfer structures 320A and320B have been advanced toward the airlock chambers whereby the doors346 close off the airlock chambers 310A and 310B.

The removal system 300 also includes transfer structures 350A and 350Bon the opposite side of the airlock wall 302 from the location of thetransfer structures 320A and 320B. The transfer structures 350A and 350Binclude a platform or floor 352 composed of a plurality of spaced apartlongitudinal bars 354 capable of supporting the containers 22 therein.The bars 354 are cantilevered from the base of the transfer structures350A and 350B. The transfer structures 350A and 350B are movable in thelongitudinal direction, parallel to conveyor 306, by actuating systems360 which include transfer sections 350A and 350B moveable in thedirection along the length of the conveyor 306. The actuators 360 aresupported by columns 364 that depend downwardly from the overheadceiling structure (not shown).

As in the transfer structures 320A and 320B, the transfer structures350A and 350B also include airlock doors 362 that are configured toclose off the adjacent side of the airlock chambers 310A and 310B whenthe transfer structures 350A and 350B are advanced toward the airlockchambers 310A and 310B. It will be appreciated that when the transferstructures 320A or 320B and the corresponding transfer structures 350Aor 350B are positioned so that the airlock doors 346 and 362 close offthe airlock chambers, the support bars 324 of the floor 322 nest betweenthe support bars 354 of the floor 352.

The transfer structures 350A and 350B are also constructed to movelaterally with respect to the length of conveyor belt 306 by a lateralsupport and actuating system 370 which includes a guideway 372 forguiding the lateral movement of the transfer structures 350A and 350B sothat once the containers 22 are removed from the airlock chambers, thecontainers can be moved laterally onto the takeaway conveyor 314. Itwill be appreciated that rather than using actuating system 370, thecontainers 22 can be removed from the transfer structures 350A and 350Busing a lateral actuating system similar to actuating system 330described above.

The functioning of the removal system 300 is schematically illustratedin FIGS. 13A-13G as well as in the flow diagram of FIG. 14 . At thestart step 400 shown in FIG. 14 , the containers 22 are positioned onthe incoming conveyor 306 as shown in FIG. 13A. In step 402, as shown inFIG. 13B, a first container 22A is pushed laterally off of the conveyor306 by the lateral actuator 330 and onto platform 322, see arrow 413.

In the next step 404, as shown in FIG. 13C, the container 22A is pushedinto the airlock chamber 310A by the longitudinal movement of thetransfer structure 320A, see arrow 414. The transfer structure 350A hasalready been positioned against the airlock chamber 310A.Simultaneously, a second container 22B is pushed transversely from theconveyor 306 onto platform 322 of the transfer structure 320B vialateral actuator 330.

In the next step 406, the container 22A is removed from the airlockchamber 310A by the longitudinal movement of the transfer structure350A, as shown in FIG. 13D, see arrow 415. During this transfer process,the transfer structure 320A remains engaged with the airlock chamber310A so as to isolate the airlock chamber from the housing between theentrance wall 304 and the airlock wall 308. Simultaneously, thecontainer 22B is placed into the airlock chamber 310B by thelongitudinal advancement of the transfer structure 320B, see arrow 416.As shown in FIG. 13D, the transfer structure 350B is already in placewith the airlock door 362 sealing the adjacent side of the airlockchamber 310B.

In the next step 408, as shown in FIG. 13E, the container 22A istransferred onto the takeaway conveyor 314 by the lateral movement ofthe transfer structure 350A via the lateral actuating system 370, seearrow 417. As noted above, rather than using the lateral actuatingsystem 370, the lateral transfer of the containers from the transferstructures 350A and 350B onto the takeaway conveyor 314 can beaccomplished using a lateral actuator similar to lateral actuator 330described above.

In the next step 410, as shown in FIG. 13F, the container 22B is removedfrom the airlock chamber 310B by the longitudinal movement of thetransfer structure 350B in the direction of arrow 420. Simultaneously,the transfer structure 350A is moved longitudinally in the direction ofarrow 422 so that the airlock door 362 is engaged against the adjacentend of the airlock chamber 310A. Also, the transfer structure 320A ismoved longitudinally in the direction of arrow 424 away from the airlockchamber 310A to be in position to receive the next container 22C.

The cycle is shown as beginning to repeat itself in step 412 as depictedin FIG. 13G, wherein the container 22B is shifted laterally onto thetakeaway conveyor 314, as shown by arrow 428, and thereafter thetransfer structure 350B is positioned against the outlet side of theairlock chamber 310B, as shown by arrow 429. Thereafter, the transferstructure 320B is shifted longitudinally in the direction of arrow 430so that the platform or floor 322 is removed from the airlock chamber310B and is in place to receive the container 22D. Simultaneously withthe foregoing, the container 22C is shifted laterally from the conveyor206 onto the platform 322 of the transfer structure 320A.

It will be appreciated that in the foregoing manner by the use of twoairlock chambers 310A and 310B, the containers 22 may be rapidly andefficiently removed from the closure/sealing station 28 so as to achievea high throughput for the overall system 20.

FIG. 15 illustrates a system 500 for placing the covers 182 oncontainers 22 when it is needed or desirable to have a negative pressurein the container at the time of sealing the container. In this regard,an airtight shroud 502 is placed around the seaming rollers 504, and theshroud 502 is sealed to the lift table 506 of the seaming apparatus 500.

More specifically, a shroud 502 is formed with a smaller diameter lowerportion 508 encircling most of the container 22 except at the upperportion thereof at the elevation of the seaming rollers 504. At theupper portion of the shroud 510, the area of the shroud is increased toaccommodate the seaming rollers 504 which are outside of the perimeterof the cover 102 and container 22. The shroud upper portion 510 sealsagainst the underside of a top plate 512. An O-ring 514 or other type ofseal is used to seal the bottom of the shroud 502 against the lift table506 of the seaming apparatus. The seaming apparatus 500 also includes aseaming chuck 516 that places the covers 182 over the top of thecontainers 22 and holds the cover in place while the seaming rollers 504seal the covers 182 to the containers 22.

Before a cover 182 is attached to the top of a container 22, a pre-setvacuum is generated in a vacuum reservoir 518 using a vacuum source 520interconnected with the vacuum reservoir 518 by a first valve 522. Justprior to seaming the cover 182 onto the container 22, a second valve524, located between the vacuum reservoir 518 and the interior of theshroud 504, is opened to equalize the pressure between the vacuumreservoir and the interior of the shroud to the desired level, i.e.,desired negative pressure. The container 22 is then sealed with thecover 182 resulting in the desired negative pressure level within thesealed container.

While illustrative embodiments have been illustrated and described, itwill be appreciated that various changes can be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property orprivilege is claimed are defined as follows:
 1. An assembly forevacuating and gassing filled containers having open tops, comprising:(a) a chamber into which an open container is received for evacuationand gassing, the chamber comprising an upper shroud and a base, theshroud having a closed upper and an open bottom for receiving therein afilled container, the interior of the shroud being larger than theexterior of the container to define a volume between the exterior of thecontainer and the interior of the shroud; (b) a closure, for closing theopen bottom of the chamber to enclose the container within the chamber;(c) a porous barrier for temporarily positioning over the open top ofthe container; (d) at least one port in the base through which air isremoved from the chamber and thereafter the gasses comprising a modifiedatmosphere are introduced into the chamber, wherein the air issimultaneously removed from the filled container and removed from thevolume that is between the interior of the chamber and the exterior ofthe container; and wherein the gasses are simultaneously introduced intothe filled container and into the volume that is between the interior ofthe chamber and the exterior of the container; and (e) an actuator forretracting the shroud from the base after the gasses are simultaneouslyintroduced into the filled container and into the volume that is betweenthe interior of the chamber and the exterior of the container.
 2. Theassembly according to claim 1, wherein the chamber is in communicationwith a vacuum source and a source of replacement gas.
 3. The assembly ofclaim 1, further comprising a sealing ring encircling the porous barrierand bearing against the top edge of the container when the porousbarrier is positioned over the top opening of the container.
 4. Theassembly of claim 1, further comprising a first conveyance system forplacing filled containers into the chamber.
 5. The assembly of claim 4,further comprising a second conveyance system for moving the filledcontainer away from the chamber to a location to be closed, the secondconveyance system comprises a pusher system and a seamer infeedconveyor, wherein the pusher system is configured to push the filledcontainer laterally onto the seamer infeed conveyor.
 6. The assembly ofclaim 5, further comprising a container guide bar selectively arrangedalong the seamer infeed conveyor to restrain the filled container in thelateral direction relative to a direction of travel of the seamer infeedconveyor.
 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a seamer stationconfigured to place a cover on the filled container and to seam thecover to the filled container.
 8. The assembly of claim 1, wherein theactuator positions the porous barrier over the open top of the containerwhile air is being removed from the container and while gasses are beingintroduced into the container.
 9. An assembly for evacuating and gassingfilled containers having open tops, comprising: (a) a chamber into whichan open container is received for evacuation and gassing, the chambercomprising an upper shroud and a base, the shroud having a closed upperand an open bottom for receiving therein a filled container without thepresence of a lid for the container, the interior of the chamber beinglarger than the exterior of the container to define a volume between theexterior of the container and the interior of the chamber; (b) a porousbarrier for temporarily positioning over the open top of the container;and (c) at least one port in the base through which air is removed fromthe chamber and thereafter the gasses comprising a modified atmosphereare introduced into the chamber, wherein the air is simultaneouslyremoved from the filled container and removed from the volume that isbetween the interior of the chamber and the exterior of the container,and wherein gasses are simultaneously introduced into the filledcontainer and into the volume that is between the interior of thechamber and the exterior of the container.
 10. The assembly of claim 9,further comprising an actuator for lowering the shroud to the base forremoval of air from the chamber and introducing the gasses into thechamber and into the volume that is between the interior of the chamberand the exterior of the container, and for retracting the shroud fromthe base after such introduction of the gasses.
 11. The assembly ofclaim 9, wherein the actuator positions the porous barrier over the opentop of the container while air is being removed from the container andwhile gasses are being introduced into the container.